Konsep Manusia sebagai Khalifah dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam: Kajian Tafsir Maudhu’i

Abstract

The position of humans as khalifah (vicegerent) on earth is a central theme in the Qur’an with direct implications for economic activity. This study aims to explain the definition and application method of Tafsir Maudhu’i, the nature of humans as khalifah, the khalifah concept as a foundation of Islamic economic values, and the role of the khalifah as an economic actor. This library research applies the Tafsir Maudhu’i method following the steps of Abd al-Hayy al-Farmawi, using Qur’anic verses, relevant hadith, interpretations, and scholarly journals as data, analysed descriptively. The results show that Tafsir Maudhu’i allows a theme to be understood from all related verses instead of a single verse. The Qur’an describes humans through the terms basyar, insan, al-nas, abdullah, and Adam, reflecting biological, psychological, spiritual, social, servitude, and historical dimensions. The concept of khalifah in QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 30 and QS. Al-An’am [6]: 165 positions humans as trustees who are tested through what they are given. This trusteeship underlies economic principles such as consensual transactions, distributive justice, honesty, avoiding riba, and avoiding wastefulness. The study concludes that economic activity is part of human responsibility as khalifah and must be carried out with justice, trust, balance, and public benefit.